This catalog, though not exhaustive, lists State studies and reports related to disproportionate minority contact (DMC). Intended for researchers, practitioners, and others interested in DMC issues, the catalog is based on documents provided to OJJDP and will be updated periodically as new reports are provided to OJJDP.

Click on a State abbreviation on the map to find a list of research studies and reports related to DMC in that State. Publications are listed chronologically, with the most recent studies and reports appearing first. Contact the State DMC Coordinator or Juvenile Justice Specialist to access reports.

Alabama

Disproportionate Confinement and Processing of Minority Youth in Alabama. Prepared by Osterhoff, W. E., Permaloff, Ann, & Grafton, C., Auburn University at Montgomery, 2002.

Plan for Reducing Disproportionate Minority Representation of Minority Youth Confined in Secure Facilities. Prepared by the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs, 1999.

Minority Youth Confinement Assessment, 1996.

Minority Youth Confinement, 1992.

Alaska

An Examination of the Factors that Influence Justice Decision Making in Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska: An Assessment Study. Prepared by M.J. Leiber, Ph.D., J. Johnson, M.A., K. Fox, 2006.

Analysis of Minority Youth Representation. Prepared by the Division of Juvenile Justice in Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, 2001.

Minority Youth Representation: Data Summary. Prepared by the Division of Juvenile Justice in Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, 1996.

Arizona

Implementing Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in the Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections: A Concept for the New Millennium. Prepared by E. Veloz, 1999.

Colorblind Justice? Minority Youth Over-Representation in Arizona's Juvenile Justice System. Conference report prepared by the Arizona Supreme Court Commission on Minorities, 1998

Profile Study of Juveniles in the Arizona Department of Corrections During 1989. Prepared by G. Halemba, 1997.

Evaluation of the Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) Initiative: Arizona Final Report. Prepared by Caliber Associates, 1996.

Equitable Treatment of Minority Youth. Phase I prepared by P. Portner, C. Burgess, A. Schneider, M. Farago, C. Fox, and L. Poupart. Phase II prepared by A. Hall, L. Hartgroves, L. Poupart, and T. Saiz, 1993.

Arkansas

None available.

California

California's Disproportionate Minority Confinement Programs: An Evaluation of Pilot Projects. Prepared by SRA Associates, 2000.

Juvenile Justice Assessment—San Francisco. Prepared by J. Brown, 1996.

The Over-Representation of Minority Youth in the California Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by J. Austin, J. Dimas, and D. Steinhart, 1992.

Colorado

Overrepresentation of Minorities in the Colorado Juvenile Justice System: Options and Opportunities for Action. Prepared by M. Cortes, 2000.

The Evaluation of Colorado's Pilot Site Projects To Address Minority Overrepresentation. Prepared by the OMNI Institute, 2000.

An Identification and Assessment Study of Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) in Colorado. Prepared by OMNI Research and Training, Inc., 1998.

The Colorado Juvenile Justice System Processing of Violent, Serious and Minority Youth: Executive Summary. Prepared by E. Slaughter, E. Hartstone, and J. Fagan, 1986.

Connecticut

A Reassessment of Minority Overrepresentation in Connecticut's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by E. Hartstone and D. Richetelli, June 2001.

An Assessment of Minority Overrepresentation in Connecticut's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by Eliot C. Hartstone, Ph.D. and Dorinda M. Richetelli, May 1995.

Delaware

Disproportionate Representation of Minority Juveniles at Arrest: An Examination of 1994 Charging Patterns by Race. Prepared by R. Harris, C. Huenke, J. Rodriguez-Labarca, and J. O'Connell, 1998.

Disproportionate Minority Arrests: A Note on What Has Been Said and How It Fits Together. Written by A. Garrison and published in the New England Journal on Criminal and Civil Confinement 23(1), 1997.

Preliminary Report on the Disproportionate Minority Confinement of Minority Youth in Secure Facilities. Prepared by B. Klein, 1990.

District of Columbia

Minority Representation in the District of Columbia Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by C. Johnson, 1999.

Florida

Profile of Delinquency Cases and Youths Referred at Each Stage of the Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, 1998.

Evaluation of the Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) Initiative: Florida Final Report. Prepared by Caliber Associates, 1996.

Hillsborough County Disproportionate Minority Confinement Pilot Project Evaluation Update. Prepared by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, 1996.

Minority Representation at Various Stages of the Juvenile Justice System 1993–1994. Prepared by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, 1995.

Hillsborough County Disproportionate Minority Confinement Pilot Project Evaluation. Prepared by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, 1995.

Minority Over-Representation Initiative for Florida's Conference Report—Phase I Final Report. Prepared by the Governor's JJDP Advisory Committee, Juvenile Justice Program Office, Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, 1993.

The Over-Representation of Black Youth in the Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by T. Tollet, 1990.

Georgia

Georgia's Juvenile Justice System: A Prospective Study of Racial Disparity. Prepared by P. Kurtz, M. Giddings, R. Sutphen, K. Gill, and J. Martin, (n.d.).

Decision Making in the Juvenile Courts of Georgia: A Multimethod Analysis—Project for the Georgia Supreme Court Commission on Racial and Ethnic Bias in the Court System—Final Report. Prepared by R. Ruback. P. Vardaman, and R. Morrell, 1995.

Georgia's Juvenile Justice System: A Retrospective Investigation of Racial Disparity—Executive Summary. Prepared by L. Lockhart, P. Kurtz, R. Sutphen, and K. Gauger, 1991.

Hawaii

Disproportionate Minority Confinement in Hawaii's Juvenile Justice System Comparing Fiscal Years 1994 and 2000. Hawaii Office of Youth Services, 2002.

Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Minority Overrepresentation in the Juvenile Justice System. Montgomery County Commission on Juvenile Justice, 2002.

Assessing Disproportionate Representation of Ethnic Groups in Hawaii's Juvenile Justice System: Phase Two. Prepared by G. Kassebaum, (n.d.).

Identifying Disproportionate Representation of Ethnic Groups in Hawaii's Juvenile Justice System: Phase One. Prepared by G. Kassebaum, 1995.

Idaho

Minorities and Juvenile Justice in Idaho: Administrative Procedures, Data Quality, and Overrepresentation in Six Selected Counties. Prepared by D. Scudder, M. Willmorth, and D. Kristal, 1994.

Illinois

A Study of Disproportionate Minority Representation in the Cook County Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, 2003.

Part I: An Assessment of Disproportionate Minority Representation at Key Decision Points in the Cook County Juvenile Justice System

Part II: Assessment of Disproportionate Minority Representation Through Individual-Level Analyses and Surveys of Juvenile Justice Professionals

Disparities in Juvenile Justice Processing of African-American Males in Champaign County, IL, Erica Marcia Collins, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urvana-Champaign, 2000.

Trends and Issues: Juvenile Justice. Prepared by the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, 1997.

Indiana

Disproportionate Minority Confinement Intervention Plan. Prepared by the Indiana Criminal Justice Institute, 1999.

Minority Group Presence in the Indiana Juvenile Justice System Assessment: Part II. Prepared by M. Meagher, (n.d.).

Iowa

Evaluation of the Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) Initiative: Iowa Final Report. Prepared by Caliber Associates, 1996.

The Disproportionate Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in Secure Facilities: A Survey of Decision Makers and Delinquents, Technical Report. Prepared by M. Leiber, 1993.

Juvenile Justice Decision Making in Iowa: An Analysis of the Influence of Race on Case Processing in Three Counties: Technical Report. Prepared by M. Leiber, 1992.

Kansas

Assessing the Differences in the Treatment of Minority Confinement in Kansas: Phase II Report. Prepared by W. Arnold and R. Glass, 1995.

Assessing the Differences in the Treatment of Minority Confinement in Kansas: A Phase I Preliminary Report. Prepared by W. Arnold and R. Glass, 1995.

Kentucky

DMC in Kentucky: The Report. Prepared by the University of Louisville.

Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) in Kentucky: An Analysis of the Process and Decision-making Points in the Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by the Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice and Kentucky Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee, May 2002.

Kentucky Disproportionate Minority Confinement Initiative: Interim Report. Prepared by R. Thomas, 2000.

Report of On-Site Needs Assessment for the State of Kentucky. Prepared by J. Mata, 1998.

Louisiana

None Available.

Maine

Juvenile Disproportionate Minority Contact in Maine: 2004 Report: Phase I: Identification. Prepared by Moire Kenny and Tatyana Mishina, Research Associates, Maine Statistical Analysis Center, Institute for Public Sector Innovation, Muskie School of Public Service, University of South Maine, 2005.

Maryland

Report of the Ad hoc committee on Minority Overrepresentation in the Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by Montgomery County (Maryland) Commission on Juvenile Justice, 2002.

The Disproportionate Representation of African-American Youth at Various Decision Points in the State of Maryland: Summary Report. Prepared by L. Iyengar, 1995.

Minority Disproportionality in the Maryland Juvenile Justice System: Statistics and Explanatory Factors. Prepared by D. Altschuler, 1994.

Massachusetts

Report of On-Site Needs Assessment for the State of Massachusetts. Prepared by T. English, 1999.

Report of On-Site DMC Readiness for the State of Massachusetts. Prepared by T. English, 1999.

Disproportionate Minority Confinement Analysis—Stage II Final Report. Prepared by Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc., 1999.

Disproportionate Minority Confinement Analysis—Stage I Final Report. Prepared by Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc., 1995.

Michigan

The 1998–1999 Disproportionate Minority Confinement/Minority Overrepresentation (DMC/MOR) and Gender-Specific Services Programs Report. Prepared by C. Taylor, J. Scroggins, V. Richardson, and A. Buckner, 2000.

Program Evaluation: Reclaiming Our Youth at Risk (November 1998–July 1999). Prepared by C. January, 1999.

A.I.M. Advantage Program Evaluation (October 1997 to September 1998). Prepared by C. January, 1998.

Latino Family Services Survival School: Evaluation Report for Fiscal Year 1997–1998. Prepared by Social Program Evaluators and Consultants, Inc., 1998.

Program Evaluation Report—Douglass Community Association: Project Turnaround. Prepared by S. Nyirenda and P. Dolly, 1998.

Minority Overrepresentation and Outcomes in Juvenile Justice in Michigan. Prepared by R. Sarri, J. Rollin, C. Wolfson, S. Pimlott, R. McCammon, G. Ward, and F. Farmer, 1997.

Disproportionate Representation of Females and Minorities in the Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by F. Buzzita, 1995.

Minnesota

Race and Ethnicity of Juveniles in Minnesota's Justice System. Prepared by Minnesota Criminal Justice Statistics Center, 2001

A Study of Juvenile Offenders in Minnesota: Arrest Through Adjudication. Prepared by the University of Minnesota, Institute on Criminal Justice, 1999.

Judging by the Data: Offenders in Minnesota's Juvenile Courts. Prepared by Minnesota Planning, Criminal Justice Center, 1998.

Minnesota Youth in the Justice System. Prepared by Minnesota Planning, Criminal Justice Center, 1997.

Minorities in the Juvenile Justice System: At-a-Glance. Prepared by Minnesota Planning, Criminal Justice Center, 1991.

Mississippi

Disparate Treatment of Minority Youth Within Mississippi's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by M.C. Ray and P. Gray-Ray, 1993.

Missouri

Report on Disproportionate Minority Confinement in Montana. Prepared by G.R. Leonardson, 2001.

The State of Juvenile Justice: Issues and Priorities for Missouri's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by the Missouri Department of Public Safety, Missouri Juvenile Justice Advisory Group, 2000.

The State of Juvenile Justice: Issues and Priorities for Missouri's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by the Missouri Department of Public Safety, Missouri Juvenile Justice Advisory Group, 1991.

An Analysis of Apparent Disparities in the Handling of Black Youth Within Missouri's Juvenile Justice Systems. Prepared by K. Kempf. S. Decker, and R. Bing, 1990.

Montana

Report on Disproportionate Minority Confinement in Montana. Prepared by G. R. Leonardson, 2001.

Nebraska

Assessing Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) in the Nebraska Juvenile Justice System: Executive Summary. Prepared by D. Herz, 1999.

Nebraska Assessment of Disproportionate Minority Confinement: Preliminary Report. Prepared by M. Brown, 1996.

The Disproportionate Minority Confinement of Minority Youth in Nebraska—Summary Report. Prepared by J. Lovell, M. Overton, J. Mahon, J. Chambers, K. Olson, V. Berman, K. Moore, and G. Flanery, 1993.

Nevada

None available.

New Hampshire

Report of Disproportionate Minority Confinement: Phase I, Identification for the State of New Hampshire, Division of Children, Youth, and Families. Prepared by Laws, M.B., Sastre, F., 2002.

Report of Disproportionate Minority Confinement: Phase II: Assessment for the State of New Hampshire/Part One: Background and Qualitative Analysis and Findings. Prepared by Dryden, Eileen; Barrett, Amanda; Bhandary, Kavita; Laws, M. Barton, May 2004.

New Jersey

Examining Minority Representation in New Jersey's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by Mary Ziemba-Davis, February 1, 2002.

Cultural Diversity Training Manual. Prepared by the Governor's Juvenile Justice Commission, 1992.

The Disproportionate Incarceration of Black and Hispanic Youth in New Jersey. Prepared by the Governor's Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Advisory Committee, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Minority Issues, 1990.

New Mexico

Disproportionate Minority Representation in New Mexico's Juvenile Justice System and Plan to Move Forward. Prepared by Deborah Hartz, New Mexico Children, Youth and Families Department, 2002. Presentation.

New York

Disproportionate Minority Confinement in New York State—Phase II: Assessment. Prepared by J. Nelson and S. Lansing, 1997.

North Carolina

A Closer Look at Disproportionate Minority Confinement in the North Carolina Justice System. Prepared by the North Carolina Criminal Justice Analysis Center of the Governor's Crime Commission, February 2000.

A Closer Look at Disproportionate Minority Confinement in the North Carolina Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by the North Carolina Criminal Justice Analysis Center of the Governor's Crime Commission, 1999.

Evaluation of the Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) Initiative: North Carolina Final Report. Prepared by Caliber Associates, 1996.

Minority Overrepresentation in North Carolina's Juvenile Justice System: A Comparison of 1990 and 1994 Arrest and Admission Data. Prepared by the North Carolina Criminal Justice Analysis Center of the Governor's Crime Commission, 1996.

North Dakota

None Available

Ohio

Race and Juvenile Justice in Ohio: The Overrepresentation and Disproportionate Confinement of African American and Hispanic Youth. Prepared by C. Dunn, S. Cernkovich, R. Perry, and J. Wicks, 1993.

Oklahoma

Equal Justice Under Law: A Report on the Over-Representation of Minority Children in the Oklahoma Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by S. Morris, F. Shanklin, and A. Carter, 1993.

Oregon

Evaluation of the Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) Initiative: Oregon Final Report. Prepared by Caliber Associates, 1996.

The Native American Pass-Through Initiative. Prepared by P. Davis, 1994.

Final Evaluation and Program Recommendations for Native American Youth and Tribal Youth in the State of Oregon's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by P. Davis, 1994.

Report of the Oregon Supreme Court Task Force on Racial/Ethnic Issues in the Judicial System. Prepared by the Oregon Judicial Department, Office of the Court Administrator, 1994.

Program Models for Southeast Asian Youth—Final Report. Prepared by J. MacDonald and K. Cannard, 1993.

Final Research Report on Phase I of Oregon's Participation in the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Disproportionate Minority Confinement Program. Prepared by J.P. Heuser, 1993.

Phase II: Incarceration of Minorities. Prepared by J.P. Heuser, (n.d.).

Research Update and Supplemental Research Report on Oregon's Disproportionate Minority Confinement Program. Prepared by J.P. Heuser, 1993.

Oregon's Minority Youth Initiative Preliminary State Program Plan. Prepared by M. McKinley, 1992.

Training in Cultural Differences for Law Enforcement/Juvenile Justice Officials—Preliminary Report. Prepared by the American Correctional Association and Police Executive Research Forum, 1992.

Pennsylvania

Disproportionate Minority Confinement Report. Prepared by the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency, Juvenile Advisory Committee, Minority Confinement Subcommittee, 1997.

Reducing Minority Over–Representation in Juvenile Justice-Final Report: Results of Community-Based Intervention in Pennsylvania, 1992–1995. Prepared by W. Welsh, P. Jenkins, and P. Harris, 1996.

Evaluation of Minority Overrepresentation Programs in Pennsylvania—Report II: Evaluability Assessment and Process Evaluation. Prepared by W. Welsh, P. Harris, and P. Jenkins. 1995.

Evaluation of Minority Overrepresentation Programs—Report I: Community Assessments of Harrisburg and Philadelphia's 25th Police District. Prepared by P. Harris, W. Welsh, P. Jenkins, J. Muellen, and E. Becton, 1995.

Minority Issue Status Report. Prepared by the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency, Juvenile Advisory Committee, Minority Confinement Subcommittee, 1994.

Reducing Minority Overrepresentation: Pennsylvania's Approach. Prepared by M. Clouser, 1994.

Community Assessment: Philadelphia's 25th Police District. Prepared by W. Welsh, P. Jenkins, E. Becton, and P. Harris, 1993.

First Year Evaluation of the Harrisburg Minority Intervention Prevention Coalition. Prepared by H. Sontheimer, J. Leemon, J. Muellen, and J. O'Toole, 1992.

Rhode Island

A Report on Factors Contributing to Over-Representation of Minority Youths in Rhode Island's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by W. Bradley Crowther Consultants, 1995.

South Carolina

Minorities in South Carolina's Juvenile Justice System: Understanding the Disparities and Assessing Community Readiness for Change Disproportionate Minority Contact Project.

Prepared by P. Stone Motes, T.A. Payne, J.P. Rivers, A. Billingsley, J. MacDonald, C. Oyeshiku Smith, 2004. Final Report | Executive Summary

A Study of Overrepresentation in South Carolina's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by R. Garcia-Quintana, J. Solomon, and T. Trotti, 1996.

Pilot Implementation Report Regarding Local Planning To Reduce Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in South Carolina's Juvenile Justice System: Strategic Qualitative Community Planning in Richland, Florence, and Chester Counties. Prepared by A. Chisom, 1995.

An Analysis of Apparent Disparities in the Secure Confinement of Minority Juveniles in South Carolina. Prepared by A. Chison, S. Teel, and W. Bashan, 1992.

South Dakota

Disproportionate Minority Representation in the South Dakota Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by P. Froelich, L. Kaiser, and K. McLain, 1995.

Tennessee

Assessment of Disproportionate Minority Confinement in Tennessee's Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by the Office of Business and Economic Research College of Business for the Tennessee Commission on Children and Youth, 2003.

Minority Overrepresentation in Secure Confinement: Phase II Report. Prepared by J. Lee, D. Lewis, and D. West (n.d.).

Minority Overrepresentation in Secure Confinement: Phase I Report. Prepared by J. Lee, D. Lewis, and D. West (n.d.).

Texas

Juvenile Justice in Texas: Factors Correlated With Processing Decisions. Prepared by R. Menon and J. Jordon, 1997.

A Dallas County Report on the Overrepresentation of Ethnic Minority Youths in the Juvenile Justice System: Executive Summary. Prepared by M. Lindsey, 1996.

Overrepresentation of Minorities in the Juvenile Justice System, Texas Youth Commission. Prepared by C. Jeffords, J. Lindsey, and S. McNitt, 1993.

Balancing the Scales: A Look at the Overrepresentation of Minority Youth in the Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by the Office of the Governor, Criminal Justice Division, 1992.

Utah

Minority Overrepresentation in the Utah Juvenile Justice System: Report of a Research Project Submitted to the Juvenile Committee on Disproportionate Minority Confinement, a Subcommittee of the Utah Task Force on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Legal System. Prepared by R. VanVleet, H. Vakalahi, L. Holly, S. Brown, and C. Carter, 2000.

Racial Disproportionality in the Utah Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by J. Jenson, 1995.

Vermont

Disproportionate Minority Arrests Among Juveniles in Vermont, Fiscal Years 2003 and 2004. Prepared by Marcia L. Bellas, Ph.D., Vermont Center for Justice Research, Montpelier, Vermont, July 2005.

Disproportionate Minority Confinement at Woodside's Detention Program, October 1, 2000–September 30, 2002. Prepared by Marcia L. Bellas, Ph.D.of Vermont Center for Justice Research, Montpelier, Vermont, 2004.

An Examination of Arrest and Adjudication for Minority Youth in Vermont. Prepared by S. Shernock, W. Clements, J. Owen, and L. Denton, 2000.

Virginia

None available.

Washington

Racial Disproportionality in County Juvenile Facilities. Prepared by G. Bridges, 1998.

Annual Report to the Governor and Legislature. Prepared by the Governor's Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee, 1998.

Annual Report to the Governor and Legislature. Prepared by the Governor's Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee, 1997.

Annual Report to the Governor and Legislature. Prepared by the Governor's Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee, 1996.

Juvenile Justice Racial Disproportionality Workgroup Report to the Washington State Legislature. Prepared by the Office of the Administrator of the Courts, 1994.

Racial Disproportionality in the Juvenile Justice System. Prepared by G. Bridges, 1993.

Annual Report to the Governor and Legislature. Prepared by the Governor's Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee, 1992.

West Virginia

Minority Youth and Juvenile Justice in West Virginia. Prepared by C. Sharlip, 2001.

Additional Analyses of Minority Overrepresentation in West Virginia. Prepared by D. Hamparian, 1997.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin's Minority Overrepresentation Study—Phase II, Final Report. Prepared by C. Pope, R. Lovell, S. Stojkovic, and H. Rose, 1996.

Wisconsin's Minority Overrepresentation Study—Phase II, Executive Summary. Prepared by C. Pope, R. Lovell, S. Stojkovic, and H. Rose, 1996.

Wyoming

None available.

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